§ 192. Limitation of actions, burden of proof. 1. A civil action under this article shall be commenced no later than ten years after the date on which the violation of this article is committed. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the purposes of this article, an action under this article is commenced by the filing of the complaint.(1-a) For purposes of applying rule three thousand sixteen of the civil practice law and rules, in pleading an action brought under this article the qui tam plaintiff shall not be required to identify specific claims that result from an alleged course of misconduct, or any specific records or statements used, if the facts alleged in the complaint, if ultimately proven true, would provide a reasonable indication that one or more violations of section one hundred eighty-nine of this article are likely to have occurred, and if the allegations in the pleading provide adequate notice of the specific nature of the alleged misconduct to permit the state or a local government effectively to investigate and defendants fairly to defend the allegations made. 2. In any action brought under this article, the state, a local government that participates as a party in the action, or the person bringing the qui tam civil action, shall be required to prove all essential elements of the cause of action, including damages, by a preponderance of the evidence.
