Section 1453.
1453. A signature is presumed to be genuine and authorized if it purports to be the signature, affixed in his official capacity, of: (a) A public employee of the United States. (b) A public employee of any public entity in the United States. (c) A notary public within any state of the United States. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, […]
Section 1454.
1454. A signature is presumed to be genuine and authorized if it purports to be the signature, affixed in his official capacity, of an officer, or deputy of an officer, of a nation or public entity in a nation recognized by the executive power of the United States and the writing to which the signature […]
Section 1410.5.
1410.5. (a) For purposes of this chapter, a writing shall include any graffiti consisting of written words, insignia, symbols, or any other markings which convey a particular meaning. (b) Any writing described in subdivision (a), or any photograph thereof, may be admitted into evidence in an action for vandalism, for the purpose of proving that the writing […]
Section 1520.
1520. The content of a writing may be proved by an otherwise admissible original. (Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 100, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1999.)
Section 1411.
1411. Except as provided by statute, the testimony of a subscribing witness is not required to authenticate a writing. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.)
Section 1521.
1521. (a) The content of a writing may be proved by otherwise admissible secondary evidence. The court shall exclude secondary evidence of the content of writing if the court determines either of the following: (1) A genuine dispute exists concerning material terms of the writing and justice requires the exclusion. (2) Admission of the secondary evidence would be […]
Section 1412.
1412. If the testimony of a subscribing witness is required by statute to authenticate a writing and the subscribing witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the writing, the writing may be authenticated by other evidence. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.)
Section 1413.
1413. A writing may be authenticated by anyone who saw the writing made or executed, including a subscribing witness. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.)
Section 1414.
1414. A writing may be authenticated by evidence that: (a) The party against whom it is offered has at any time admitted its authenticity; or (b) The writing has been acted upon as authentic by the party against whom it is offered. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.)
Section 1416.
1416. A witness who is not otherwise qualified to testify as an expert may state his opinion whether a writing is in the handwriting of a supposed writer if the court finds that he has personal knowledge of the handwriting of the supposed writer. Such personal knowlegde may be acquired from: (a) Having seen the supposed […]