§ 8.7-502. Rights acquired by due negotiation
(1) Subject to §§ 8.7-205 and 8.7-503, a holder to whom a negotiable document has been duly negotiated acquires thereby: (a) title to the document; (b) title to the goods; (c) all rights accruing under the law of agency or estoppel, including rights to goods delivered to the bailee after the document was issued; and […]
§ 8.7-503. Document to goods defeated in certain cases
(1) A document confers no right in goods against a person who before issuance of the document had a legal interest or a perfected security interest in them and who neither: (a) delivered or entrusted them or any document covering them to the bailor or his nominee with (i) actual or apparent authority to ship, […]
§ 8.7-504. Rights acquired in the absence of due negotiation; effect of diversion; seller’s stoppage of delivery
(1) A transferee of a document, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to whom the document has been delivered but not duly negotiated, acquires the title and rights that his transferor had or had actual authority to convey. (2) In the case of a nonnegotiable document, until but not after the bailee receives notification of the transfer, […]
§ 8.7-308. Enforcement of carrier’s lien
(1) A carrier’s lien may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bloc or in parcels, at any time or place and on any terms which are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. Such notification must include a statement of the amount due, […]
§ 8.7-309. Duty of care; contractual limitation of carrier’s liability
(1) A carrier who issues a bill of lading, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, must exercise the degree of care in relation to the goods that a reasonably careful man would exercise under like circumstances. This subsection does not repeal or change any law or rule of law that imposes liability upon a common carrier for […]
§ 8.7-401. Irregularities in issue of receipt or bill or conduct of issuer
The obligations imposed by this title on an issuer apply to a document even if: (a) the document may not comply with the requirements of this title or of any other law or regulation regarding its issue, form or content; or (b) the issuer may have violated laws regulating the conduct of his business; or […]
§ 8.7-402. Duplicate receipt or bill; overissue
Neither a duplicate nor any other document purporting to cover goods already represented by an outstanding document of the same issuer confers any right in the goods, except as provided in the case of tangible bills in a set of parts, overissue of documents for fungible goods, substitutes for lost, stolen or destroyed documents, or […]
§ 8.7-403. Obligation of bailee to deliver; excuse
(1) The bailee must deliver the goods to a person entitled under the document who complies with subsections (2) and (3), unless and to the extent that the bailee establishes any of the following: (a) delivery of the goods to a person whose receipt was rightful as against the claimant; (b) damage to or delay, […]
§ 8.7-303. Diversion; reconsignment; change of instructions
(1) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, the carrier may deliver the goods to a person or destination other than that stated in the bill or may otherwise dispose of the goods, without liability for misdelivery, on instructions from: (a) the holder of a negotiable bill; or (b) the consignor on a nonnegotiable bill […]
§ 8.7-304. Bills of lading in a set
(1) Except where customary in overseas transportation, a bill of lading must not be issued in a set of parts. The issuer is liable for damages caused by violation of this subsection. (2) Where a bill of lading is lawfully drawn in a set of parts, each of which is numbered and expressed to be […]