§ 8.8A-114. Evidentiary rules concerning certificated securities
The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer: (1) Unless specifically denied in the pleadings, each signature on a security certificate or in a necessary endorsement is admitted. (2) If the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue, the burden of establishing effectiveness is on the party claiming […]
§ 8.8A-115. Securities intermediary and others not liable to adverse claimant
A securities intermediary that has transferred a financial asset pursuant to an effective entitlement order, or a broker or other agent or bailee that has dealt with a financial asset at the direction of its customer or principal, is not liable to a person having an adverse claim to the financial asset, unless the securities […]
§ 8.8A-116. Securities intermediary as purchaser for value
A securities intermediary that receives a financial asset and establishes a security entitlement to the financial asset in favor of an entitlement holder is a purchaser for value of the financial asset. A securities intermediary that acquires a security entitlement to a financial asset from another securities intermediary acquires the security entitlement for value if […]
§ 8.8A-201. Issuer
(a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that: (1) places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation, or other interest in its property or […]
§ 8.8A-108. Warranties in direct holding
(a) A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an endorser, if the transfer is by endorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that: (1) the certificate is genuine and has not been materially altered; (2) the transferor or endorser does not know of any fact that […]
§ 8.8A-103. Rules for determining whether certain obligations and interests are securities or financial assets
(a) A share or similar equity interest issued by a corporation, business trust, joint stock company, or similar entity is a security. (b) An “investment company security” is a security. “Investment company security” means a share or similar equity interest issued by an entity that is registered as an investment company under the federal investment […]
§ 8.8A-104. Acquisition of security or financial asset or interest therein
(a) A person acquires a security or an interest therein, under this title, if: (1) the person is a purchaser to whom a security is delivered pursuant to § 8.8A-301; or (2) the person acquires a security entitlement to the security pursuant to § 8.8A-501. (b) A person acquires a financial asset, other than a […]
§ 8.8A-105. Notice of adverse claim
(a) A person has notice of an adverse claim if: (1) the person knows of the adverse claim; (2) the person is aware of facts sufficient to indicate that there is a significant probability that the adverse claim exists and deliberately avoids information that would establish the existence of the adverse claim; or (3) the […]
§ 8.8A-106. Control
(a) A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser. (b) A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser, and: (1) the certificate is endorsed to the purchaser or in blank by […]
§ 8.8A-107. Whether endorsement, instruction or entitlement order is effective
(a) “Appropriate person” means: (1) with respect to an endorsement, the person specified by a security certificate or by an effective special endorsement to be entitled to the security; (2) with respect to an instruction, the registered owner of an uncertificated security; (3) with respect to an entitlement order, the entitlement holder; (4) if the […]