US Lawyer Database

For Lawyer-Seekers

YOU DESERVE THE BEST LAWYER

Home » US Law » 2022 New York Laws » Unconsolidated Laws » LEH – Local Emergency Housing Rent Control Act 21/62
Chapter 21 of the laws of 1962
 
  Section  1.  The  regulation  and  control  of  residential  rents and
evictions within cities having a population of one million  or  more  on
and after May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two shall be governed by the
provisions  of  this  section,  notwithstanding  the  provisions  of the
emergency housing rent control law:
  1. Short title. This section shall be known and may be  cited  as  the
"local emergency housing rent control act".
  2.  Legislative  finding.  The legislature hereby finds that a serious
public emergency continues to exist in the  housing  of  a  considerable
number  of  persons in the state of New York which emergency was created
by war, the effects of war and the aftermath of hostilities;  that  such
emergency  necessitated  the  intervention  of  federal, state and local
government in order to prevent  speculative,  unwarranted  and  abnormal
increases  in  rents; that there continues to exist an acute shortage of
dwellings; that unless residential rents and evictions  continue  to  be
regulated  and  controlled, disruptive practices and abnormal conditions
will produce serious threats to the public health,  safety  and  general
welfare;  that  to  prevent  such  perils to health, safety and welfare,
preventive action by the legislature continues to  be  imperative;  that
such  action  is  necessary  in  order  to  prevent exactions of unjust,
unreasonable and oppressive rents and rental agreements and to forestall
profiteering, speculation and  other  disruptive  practices  tending  to
produce  threats  to  the  public  health;  that  in  order  to  prevent
uncertainty, hardship and dislocation, the provisions  of  this  section
are  necessary  and  designed  to  protect the public health, safety and
general welfare, that the transition from regulation to a normal  market
of  free  bargaining  between  landlord  and  tenant,  while  still  the
objective of state policy, must be administered with due regard for such
emergency;  and  that  the  policy  herein  expressed  should   now   be
administered locally within cities having a population of one million or
more by an agency of the city itself.
  * 3.   Local  determination  as  to  continuation  of  emergency.  The
continuation, after May thirty-first, nineteen hundred  sixty-seven,  of
the public emergency requiring the regulation and control of residential
rents  and evictions within cities having a population of one million or
more shall be a matter for local determination within  each  such  city.
Any  such  determination  shall be made by the local legislative body of
such city on or before April first, nineteen hundred sixty-seven and  at
least  once  in every third year thereafter following a survey which the
city shall cause to be made of  the  supply  of  housing  accommodations
within  such city, the condition of such accommodations and the need for
continuing the regulation and control of residential rents and evictions
within such city, provided, however, that when the date  by  which  such
determination  shall  be  made  falls  in  a  calendar  year immediately
following a calendar year during which a  federal  decennial  census  is
conducted,  such  date  shall  be  postponed  by one year, and provided,
further, that to ensure sufficient time to complete such survey  in  the
context  of  the COVID-19 pandemic, the date by which such determination
shall be made by the local legislative body in calendar year 2022  shall
be  postponed until July 1, 2022. Such survey shall be submitted to such
legislative body not less than thirty nor more than sixty days prior  to
the date of any such determination.
  * NB Effective until December 31, 2023
  * 3.   Local  determination  as  to  continuation  of  emergency.  The
continuation, after May thirty-first, nineteen hundred  sixty-seven,  of
the public emergency requiring the regulation and control of residential

rents  and evictions within cities having a population of one million or
more shall be a matter for local determination within  each  such  city.
Any  such  determination  shall be made by the local legislative body of
such  city on or before April first, nineteen hundred sixty-seven and at
least once in every third year thereafter following a survey  which  the
city  shall  cause  to  be  made of the supply of housing accommodations
within such city, the condition of such accommodations and the need  for
continuing the regulation and control of residential rents and evictions
within  such  city,  provided, however, that when the date by which such
determination shall  be  made  falls  in  a  calendar  year  immediately
following  a  calendar  year  during which a federal decennial census is
conducted, such date shall be postponed by one year. Such  survey  shall
be submitted to such legislative body not less than thirty nor more than
sixty days prior to the date of any such determination.
  * NB Effective December 31, 2023
  4.  Establishment  of  city  housing  rent  agency. On or before April
first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, the  mayor  of  each  city  having  a
population  of  one  million  or  more  shall  establish or designate an
official, bureau, board, commission or agency of such city (referred  to
in  this  section  as  the "city housing rent agency") to administer the
regulation and control of residential rents and  evictions  within  such
city  unless such city, acting through its local legislative body, shall
have enacted, prior to April first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, a  local
law   or  ordinance  pursuant  to  subdivision  five  of  this  section,
prescribing a different method of establishing  or  designating  a  city
housing rent agency and in such case such agency shall be established or
designated in accordance with said local law or ordinance.
  5.  Authority  for  local rent control legislation. Each city having a
population of one million or more, acting through its local  legislative
body,  may  adopt  and  amend local laws or ordinances in respect of the
establishment or designation of a city  housing  rent  agency.  When  it
deems such action to be desirable or necessitated by local conditions in
order  to  carry  out the purposes of this section, such city, except as
hereinafter provided, acting through its local legislative body and  not
otherwise,  may  adopt  and amend local laws or ordinances in respect of
the regulation and control  of  residential  rents,  including  but  not
limited  to  provision  for  the establishment and adjustment of maximum
rents, the classification of housing accommodations, the  regulation  of
evictions,  and  the  enforcement  of such local laws or ordinances. The
validity of any  such  local  laws  or  ordinances,  and  the  rules  or
regulations  promulgated  in accordance therewith, shall not be affected
by and need not be consistent with  the  state  emergency  housing  rent
control  law  or  with  rules  and  regulations of the state division of
housing and community renewal.
  Notwithstanding any local law  or  ordinance,  housing  accommodations
which became vacant on or after July first, nineteen hundred seventy-one
or  which  hereafter become vacant shall be subject to the provisions of
the emergency tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four,  provided,
however,  that  this  provision shall not apply or become effective with
respect to housing accommodations which, by local law or ordinance,  are
made  directly  subject to regulation and control by a city housing rent
agency  and  such  agency  determines  or   finds   that   the   housing
accommodations  became  vacant because the landlord or any person acting
on his behalf, with intent to cause the tenant to vacate, engaged in any
course of  conduct  (including  but  not  limited  to,  interruption  or
discontinuance of essential services) which interfered with or disturbed
or  was intended to interfere with or disturb the comfort, repose, peace
or quiet  of  the  tenant  in  his  use  or  occupancy  of  the  housing

accommodations. The removal of any housing accommodation from regulation
and  control  of rents pursuant to the vacancy exemption provided for in
this paragraph shall not constitute or  operate  as  a  ground  for  the
subjection  to  more  stringent  regulation  and  control of any housing
accommodation in such property or in any other  property  owned  by  the
same  landlord,  notwithstanding  any prior agreement to the contrary by
the landlord. The vacancy exemption provided for in this paragraph shall
not arise with respect to any rented plot or parcel  of  land  otherwise
subject  to the provisions of this act, by reason of a transfer of title
and possession occurring  on  or  after  July  first,  nineteen  hundred
seventy-one  of  a  dwelling located on such plot or parcel and owned by
the tenant where such transfer of title and  possession  is  made  to  a
member  of the tenant's immediate family provided that the member of the
tenant's immediate family occupies the dwelling with the tenant prior to
the transfer of title and possession for  a  continuous  period  of  two
years.
  The  term  "immediate  family"  shall  include  a  husband, wife, son,
daughter,  stepson,  stepdaughter,  father,  mother,  father-in-law   or
mother-in-law.
  Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  no  local  law  or  ordinance  shall
hereafter provide for the regulation and control  of  residential  rents
and  eviction  in  respect  of  any housing accommodations which are (1)
presently exempt from such  regulation  and  control  or  (2)  hereafter
decontrolled  either  by  operation  of  law  or  by a city housing rent
agency, by order  or  otherwise.  No  housing  accommodations  presently
subject  to  regulation and control pursuant to local laws or ordinances
adopted or amended under authority of this subdivision  shall  hereafter
be by local law or ordinance or by rule or regulation which has not been
theretofore  approved by the state commissioner of housing and community
renewal  subjected  to  more  stringent  or  restrictive  provisions  of
regulation and control than those presently in effect.
  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, on and after the effective
date  of  this  paragraph,  a city having a population of one million or
more shall not, either through its local legislative body or  otherwise,
adopt  or  amend local laws or ordinances with respect to the regulation
and control of residential rents and eviction, including but not limited
to  provision  for  the  establishment  and  adjustment  of  rents,  the
classification  of  housing accommodations, the regulation of evictions,
and the enforcement of such local laws or ordinances, or otherwise adopt
laws or ordinances pursuant to the provisions of this act, the emergency
tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four, the New York  city  rent
and  rehabilitation  law  or  the  New York city rent stabilization law,
except to the extent that such city for the  purpose  of  reviewing  the
continued  need  for  the existing regulation and control of residential
rents or to remove a classification of housing accommodation  from  such
regulation  and  control  adopts  or  amends  local  laws  or ordinances
pursuant to subdivision three of section one of this act, section  three
of the emergency tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four, section
26-415  of  the  New York city rent and rehabilitation law, and sections
26-502 and 26-520 of  the  New  York  city  rent  stabilization  law  of
nineteen hundred sixty-nine.
  Notwithstanding the foregoing, no local law or ordinance shall subject
to  such  regulation  and control any housing accommodation which is not
occupied by the tenant in possession as his or  her  primary  residence;
provided,  however,  that such housing accommodation not occupied by the
tenant in possession as his or her primary residence shall  continue  to
be  subject  to regulation and control as provided for herein unless the
city  housing  rent  agency   issues   an   order   decontrolling   such

accommodation,  which  the  agency  shall  do  upon  application  by the
landlord whenever it is  established  by  any  facts  and  circumstances
which,  in  the  judgment  of  the  agency,  may have a bearing upon the
question  of  residence,  that  the  tenant maintains his or her primary
residence at some place other than at such  housing  accommodation.  For
the  purposes of determining primary residency, a tenant who is a victim
of domestic violence, as defined in section four hundred fifty-nine-a of
the social services law, who has left the unit because of such violence,
and who asserts an intent to return to the housing  accommodation  shall
be deemed to be occupying the unit as his or her primary residence.
  6.  Succession  of  city agency to state rent control functions within
city. All the functions and powers possessed by and all the  obligations
and  duties of the temporary state housing rent commission and the state
rent administrator under the provisions of the state  emergency  housing
rent  control  law  and  the  rules  and  regulations  of the commission
thereunder, insofar as they relate to  the  regulation  and  control  of
residential rents and evictions within a city having a population of one
million or more, shall be transferred to the city housing rent agency of
such  city  on  May  first,  nineteen  hundred sixty-two, subject to the
provisions of any local laws, ordinances, rules or  regulations  adopted
pursuant to this subdivision or subdivision five of this section. On and
after  such  date, and until the adoption of a local law or ordinance in
respect of the regulation and control of residential rents  within  such
city  pursuant  to  subdivision  five of this section, such city housing
rent agency is hereby authorized and empowered, from time  to  time,  to
adopt,  promulgate, amend or rescind rules, regulations and orders under
the state emergency housing rent control law and the  validity  of  such
rules,  regulations  and orders shall not be affected by and need not be
consistent with the rules, regulations and orders of the temporary state
housing  rent   commission   under   such   law.   All   acts,   orders,
determinations,  decisions, rules and regulations of the temporary state
housing rent commission  relating  to  the  regulation  and  control  of
residential  rents  and  eviction within such city which are in force at
the time of such transfer shall continue in force and  effect  as  acts,
orders,  determinations,  decisions,  rules and regulations of such city
housing  rent  agency  until  duly  modified,  superseded  or  abrogated
pursuant to such local laws, ordinances, rules or regulations.
  7.  Investigations. The city housing rent agency is authorized to make
such studies and investigations, to conduct such hearings, and to obtain
such information as it deems necessary  or  proper  in  prescribing  any
regulation  or  order  under a local law adopted pursuant to subdivision
five of this section or in administering and enforcing  such  local  law
and the regulations and orders thereunder or the state emergency housing
rent control law and the regulations and orders thereunder.
  The  city  housing rent agency is further authorized, by regulation or
order, to require any person who rents or offers for  rent  or  acts  as
broker  or agent for the rental of any housing accommodations to furnish
any such information under oath or affirmation, or  otherwise,  to  make
and  keep records and other documents, and to make reports, and the city
housing rent agency may require any such person to permit the inspection
and copying of records and other documents and the inspection of housing
accommodations. Any officer or agent designated by the city housing rent
agency for such purposes may administer oaths and affirmations and  may,
whenever  necessary,  by subpoena, require any such person to appear and
testify or to appear and produce documents, or both, at  any  designated
place.
  For  the  purpose of obtaining any information under this subdivision,
the city housing rent agency may by subpoena require any other person to

appear and testify or to appear and produce documents, or both,  at  any
designated place.
  The  production  of  a  person's documents at any place other than his
place of business shall not be required under this  subdivision  in  any
case in which, prior to the return date specified in the subpoena issued
with  respect thereto, such person either has furnished the city housing
rent agency with a copy of such documents certified by such person under
oath to be a true and correct copy, or has entered  into  a  stipulation
with  the  city  housing  rent agency as to the information contained in
such documents.
  In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a  subpoena  served  upon,
any  person referred to in this subdivision, the supreme court in or for
any judicial district in which  such  person  is  found  or  resides  or
transacts  business,  upon  application by the city housing rent agency,
shall have jurisdiction to issue  an  order  requiring  such  person  to
appear  and  give testimony or to appear and produce documents, or both;
and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by  such
court  as  a contempt thereof. The provisions of this paragraph shall be
in addition to the provisions of paragraph (a) of  subdivision  nine  of
this section.
  Witnesses  subpoenaed  under  this  subdivision shall be paid the same
fees and mileage as are paid witnesses under article eighty of the civil
practice law and rules.
  Upon any such investigation or hearing, the city housing rent  agency,
or an officer duly designated by the city housing rent agency to conduct
such  investigation  or  hearing, may confer immunity in accordance with
the provisions of section 50.20 of the criminal procedure law.
  The city housing  rent  agency  shall  not  publish  or  disclose  any
information  obtained  under  this  section  that  the city housing rent
agency deems confidential or with  reference  to  which  a  request  for
confidential   treatment   is   made   by  the  person  furnishing  such
information, unless the city housing rent  agency  determines  that  the
withholding thereof is contrary to the public interest.
  Any  person subpoenaed under this section shall have the right to make
a record of his testimony and to be represented by counsel.
  8.  Judicial  review.  Any  person  who  is  aggrieved  by  the  final
determination  of  the  city  housing  rent  agency in an administrative
proceeding protesting a regulation or  order  of  such  agency  may,  in
accordance  with  article  seventy-eight  of  the civil practice law and
rules, within sixty days after such determination, file a petition  with
the  supreme  court  specifying  his  objections  and  praying  that the
regulation or order protested be enjoined or set aside in  whole  or  in
part.  Such proceeding may at the option of the petitioner be instituted
in the county where the city  housing  rent  agency  has  its  principal
office  or  where the property is located. A copy of such petition shall
forthwith be served on the  city  housing  rent  agency,  and  the  city
housing  rent  agency  shall  file  with  such  court  the original or a
transcript of such portions of the proceedings in  connection  with  the
determination  as  are  material  under  the petition. Such return shall
include a statement setting forth, so far as practicable,  the  economic
data  and  other  facts  of which the city housing rent agency has taken
official notice. Upon the filing of such petition the court  shall  have
jurisdiction to set aside the regulation or order protested, in whole or
in part, to dismiss the petition, or to remit the proceeding to the city
housing rent agency; provided, however, that the regulation or order may
be  modified  or  rescinded  by the city housing rent agency at any time
notwithstanding the pendency of such proceeding for review. No objection
to such regulation or order, and no evidence in support of any objection

thereto, shall be considered by the court, unless such  objection  shall
have been presented to the city housing rent agency by the petitioner in
the  proceedings  resulting in the determination or unless such evidence
shall be contained in the return. If application is made to the court by
either party for leave to introduce additional evidence which was either
offered  and  not  admitted,  or  which  could  not reasonably have been
offered or included in such proceedings before  the  city  housing  rent
agency,  and the court determines that such evidence should be admitted,
the court shall order the evidence to be presented to the  city  housing
rent  agency.  The  city  housing rent agency shall promptly receive the
same, and such other evidence as the  city  housing  rent  agency  deems
necessary  or  proper,  and thereupon the city housing rent agency shall
file with the court  the  original  or  a  transcript  thereof  and  any
modification  made  in  such  regulation  or  order as a result thereof;
except that on request  by  the  city  housing  rent  agency,  any  such
evidence   shall   be  presented  directly  to  the  court.  Upon  final
determination of the proceeding before the court, the  original  record,
if  filed  by  the  city  housing  rent  agency with the court, shall be
returned to the city housing rent agency.
  No regulation or order of  the  city  housing  rent  agency  shall  be
enjoined  or set aside, in whole or in part, unless the petitioner shall
establish to the satisfaction of the court that the regulation or  order
is  not  in  accordance  with  law,  or  is arbitrary or capricious. The
effectiveness of an order of the court enjoining or  setting  aside,  in
whole  or in part, any such regulation or order shall be postponed until
the expiration of thirty days from the entry thereof.  The  jurisdiction
of  the  supreme  court  shall be exclusive and its order dismissing the
petition or enjoining or setting aside  such  regulation  or  order,  in
whole  or  in  part,  shall be final, subject to review by the appellate
division of the supreme court and the  court  of  appeals  in  the  same
manner  and  form  and  with  the  same  effect as provided in the civil
practice act for appeals from a final order  in  a  special  proceeding.
Notwithstanding  any  provision  of section thirteen hundred four of the
civil practice act to the contrary, any order of the court remitting the
proceeding to the city housing rent agency may, at the election  of  the
city housing rent agency, be subject to review by the appellate division
of  the  supreme  court  and the court of appeals in the same manner and
form and with the same effect as provided in the civil practice act  for
appeals from a final order in a special proceeding. All such proceedings
shall be heard and determined by the court and by any appellate court as
expeditiously as possible and with lawful precedence over other matters.
All  such  proceedings  for  review  shall  be  heard  on  the petition,
transcript and other papers, and on appeal shall be heard on the record,
without requirement of printing.
  Within thirty days after arraignment, or such additional time  as  the
court  may  allow  for good cause shown, in any criminal proceeding, and
within five days after judgment in any  civil  or  criminal  proceeding,
brought  pursuant  to  subdivision ten of this section involving alleged
violation of any provision of  any  regulation  or  order  of  the  city
housing  rent  agency, the defendant may apply to the court in which the
proceeding is pending for leave to file in the supreme court a  petition
setting  forth  objections  to  the  validity of any provision which the
defendant is alleged to have violated or conspired to violate. The court
in which the proceeding is pending shall grant such leave  with  respect
to  any  objection which it finds is made in good faith and with respect
to which it finds there is reasonable and  substantial  excuse  for  the
defendant's  failure  to  present  such  objection  in an administrative
proceeding before the city housing rent agency. Upon  the  filing  of  a

petition  pursuant  to  and within thirty days from the granting of such
leave, the supreme court shall have jurisdiction to enjoin or set  aside
in  whole or in part the provision of the regulation or order complained
of  or to dismiss the petition. The court may authorize the introduction
of evidence, either to the city housing rent agency or directly  to  the
court,  in  accordance with the first paragraph of this subdivision. The
provisions  of  the  second  paragraph  of  this  subdivision  shall  be
applicable with respect to any proceedings instituted in accordance with
this paragraph.
  In  any proceeding brought pursuant to subdivision ten of this section
involving an alleged violation of any provision of any  such  regulation
or order, the court shall stay the proceeding:

(1) during the period within which a petition may be filed in the supreme court pursuant to leave granted under the third paragraph of this subdivision with respect to such provision;

(2) during the pendency of any administrative proceeding before the city housing rent agency properly commenced by the defendant prior to the institution of the proceeding under subdivision ten of this section, setting forth objections to the validity of such provision which the court finds to have been made in good faith; and

(3) during the pendency of any judicial proceeding instituted by the defendant under this subdivision with respect to such administrative proceeding or instituted by the defendant under the third paragraph of this subdivision with respect to such provision, and until the expiration of the time allowed in this subdivision for the taking of further proceedings with respect thereto. Notwithstanding the provisions of the immediately preceding paragraph, stays shall be granted thereunder in civil proceedings only after judgment and upon application made within five days after judgment. Notwithstanding the provisions of the third paragraph of this subdivision, in the case of a proceeding under the first paragraph of subdivision ten of this section the court granting a stay under the immediately preceding paragraph of this subdivision shall issue a temporary injunction or restraining order enjoining or restraining, during the period of the stay, violations by the defendant of any provision of the regulation or order involved in the proceeding. If any provision of a regulation or order is determined to be invalid by judgment of the supreme court which has become effective in accordance with the second paragraph of this subdivision, any proceeding pending in any court shall be dismissed, and any judgment in such proceeding vacated, to the extent that such proceeding or judgment is based upon violation of such provision. Except as provided in this paragraph, the pendency of any administrative proceeding before the city housing rent agency or judicial proceeding under this subdivision shall not be grounds for staying any proceeding brought pursuant to subdivision ten of this section; nor, except as provided in this paragraph, shall any retroactive effect be given to any judgment setting aside a provision of a regulation or order. The method prescribed herein for the judicial review of a regulation or order of the city housing rent agency shall be exclusive. 9. Prohibitions. (a) It shall be unlawful, regardless of any contract, lease or other obligation heretofore or hereafter entered into, for any person to demand or receive any rent for any housing accommodations in excess of the maximum rent established therefor by the temporary state housing rent commission or the city housing rent agency or otherwise to do or omit to do any act, in violation of any regulation, order or requirement of the city housing rent agency hereunder or under any local law adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section or to offer, solicit, attempt or agree to do any of the foregoing.

(b) It shall be unlawful for any person to remove or attempt to remove from any housing accommodations the tenant or occupant thereof or to refuse to renew the lease or agreement for the use of such accommodations, because such tenant or occupant has taken, or proposes to take, action authorized or required by the state emergency housing rent control law or any local law adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section or any regulation, order or requirement thereunder.

(c) It shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of the city housing rent agency or for any official adviser or consultant to the city housing rent agency to disclose, otherwise than in the course of official duty, any information obtained under this section, or to use any such information for personal benefit.

(d) It shall be unlawful for any landlord or any person acting on his behalf, with intent to cause the tenant to vacate, to engage in any course of conduct (including, but not limited to, interruption or discontinuance of essential services) which interferes with or disturbs or is intended to interfere with or disturb the comfort, repose, peace or quiet of the tenant in his use or occupancy of the housing accommodations. 10. Enforcement. (a) Whenever in the judgment of the city housing rent agency any person has engaged or is about to engage in any acts or practices which constitute or will constitute a violation of any provision of subdivision nine of this section, the city housing rent agency may make application to the supreme court for an order enjoining such acts or practices, or for an order enforcing compliance with such provision, or for an order directing the landlord to correct the violation, and upon a showing by the city housing rent agency that such person has engaged or is about to engage in any such acts or practices a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order shall be granted without bond. Jurisdiction shall not be deemed lacking in the supreme court because the defense is based upon an order of an inferior court.

(b) Any person who wilfully violates any provision of subdivision nine of this section, and any person who makes any statement or entry false in any material respect in any document or report required to be kept or filed under any local law adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section or any regulation, order, or requirement thereunder, and any person who wilfully omits or neglects to make any material statement or entry required to be made in any such document or report, shall, upon conviction thereof, be subject to a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, or to imprisonment for not more than two years in the case of a violation of paragraph (c) of subdivision nine of this section and for not more than one year in all other cases, or to both such fine and imprisonment. Whenever the city housing rent agency has reason to believe that any person is liable to punishment under this paragraph, the city housing rent agency may certify the facts to the district attorney of any county having jurisdiction of the alleged violation, who shall cause appropriate proceedings to be brought.

(c) Any court shall advance on the docket and expedite the disposition of any criminal or other proceedings brought before it under this subdivision.

(d) No officer or employee of the city housing rent agency shall be held liable for damages or penalties in any court, on any grounds for or in respect of anything done or omitted to be done in good faith pursuant to any provision of the state emergency housing rent control law or any local law adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section or any regulation, order, or requirement thereunder, notwithstanding that subsequently such provision, regulation, order, or requirement may be modified, rescinded, or determined to be invalid. In any action or proceeding wherein a party relies for ground of relief or defense or raises issue or brings into question the construction or validity of such local law or any regulation, order, or requirement thereunder, the court having jurisdiction of such action or proceeding may at any stage certify such fact to the city housing rent agency. The city housing rent agency may intervene in any such action or proceeding.

(e) If any landlord who receives rent from a tenant violates a regulation or order of the temporary state housing rent commission or the city housing rent agency prescribing the maximum rent with respect to the housing accommodations for which such rent is received from such tenant, the tenant paying such rent may, within two years from the date of the occurrence of the violation, except as hereinafter provided, bring an action against the landlord on account of the overcharge as hereinafter defined. In such action, the landlord shall be liable for reasonable attorney's fees and costs as determined by the court, plus whichever of the following sums is the greater: (a) such amount not more than three times the amount of the overcharge, or the overcharges, upon which the action is based as the court in its discretion may determine, or (b) an amount not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty dollars, as the court in its discretion may determine; provided, however, that such amount shall be the amount of the overcharge or overcharges or twenty-five dollars, whichever is greater, if the defendant proves that the violation of the regulation or order in question was neither wilful nor the result of failure to take practicable precautions against the occurrence of the violation. As used in this section, the word "overcharge" shall mean the amount by which the consideration paid by a tenant to a landlord exceeds the applicable maximum rent. If any landlord who receives rent from a tenant violates a regulation or order of the temporary state housing rent commission or the city housing rent agency prescribing maximum rent with respect to the housing accommodations for which such rent is received from such tenant, and such tenant either fails to institute an action under this paragraph within thirty days from the date of the occurrence of the violation or is not entitled for any reason to bring the action, the city housing rent agency may institute an action within such two-year period. If such action is instituted by the city housing rent agency, the tenant affected shall thereafter be barred from bringing an action for the same violation or violations. Any action under this paragraph by either the tenant or the city housing rent agency, as the case may be, may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction. A judgment in an action for damages under this subdivision shall be a bar to the recovery under this paragraph of any damages in any other action against the same landlord on account of the same overcharge prior to the institution of the action in which such judgment was rendered. Where judgment is rendered in favor of the city housing rent agency in such action, there shall be paid over to the tenant from the moneys recovered one-third of such recovery, exclusive of costs and disbursements.

(f) If any landlord who receives rent from a tenant violates any order of the city housing rent agency containing a directive that rent collected by the landlord in excess of the maximum rent be refunded to the tenant within thirty days, the city housing rent agency may, within one year after the expiration of such thirty day period or after such order shall become final by regulation of the city housing rent agency, bring an action against the landlord on account of the failure of the landlord to make the prescribed refund. In such action, the landlord shall be liable for reasonable attorney's fees and costs as determined by the court, plus whichever of the following sums is the greater: (a) such amount not more than three times the amount directed to be refunded, or the amount directed to be refunded, upon which the action is based as the court in its discretion may determine, or (b) an amount not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty dollars, as the court in its discretion may determine; provided, however, that such amount shall be the amount directed to be refunded or twenty-five dollars, whichever is greater, if the defendant proves that the violation of the order in question was neither wilful nor the result of failure to take practical precautions against the occurrence of the violation. The tenant paying such rent may also institute an action under this section if the city housing rent agency fails to institute an action within thirty days from the date of occurrence of the violation. If an action is instituted by the city housing rent agency, the tenant affected shall thereafter be barred from bringing an action for the same violation. Any action under this section by either the city housing rent agency or the tenant, as the case may be, may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction. A judgment in an action for damages under this section shall be a bar to recovery under this subdivision of any damages in any other action against the same landlord on account of the same violation prior to the institution of the action in which such judgment was rendered. Where an action is brought by the tenant the damages which shall be awarded to the tenant shall be the same as if such action was brought by the city housing rent agency. Where judgment is rendered in favor of the city housing rent agency in such action, there shall be paid over to the tenant from the moneys recovered one-third of such recovery, exclusive of the costs and disbursements.

(g) Where after the city housing rent agency has granted a certificate of eviction certifying that the landlord may pursue his remedies pursuant to local law to acquire possession, and a tenant voluntarily removes from a housing accommodation or has been removed therefrom by action or proceeding to evict from or recover possession of a housing accommodation upon the ground that the landlord seeks in good faith to recover possession of such accommodation for any purpose specified in a local law adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section and such landlord shall lease or sell the housing accommodation or the space previously occupied thereby, or permit use thereof in any manner other than contemplated in such eviction certificate, such landlord shall, unless for good cause shown, be liable to the tenant for three times the damages sustained on account of such removal plus reasonable attorney's fees and costs as determined by the court; in addition to any other damage, the cost of removal of property shall be a lawful measure of damage.

(h) Any tenant who has vacated his housing accommodations because the landlord or any person acting on his behalf, with intent to cause the tenant to vacate, engaged in any course of conduct (including but not limited to, interruption or discontinuance of essential services) which interfered with or disturbed or was intended to interfere with or disturb the comfort, repose, peace or quiet of the tenant in his use or occupancy of the housing accommodations may, within ninety days after vacating, apply for a determination that the housing accommodations were vacated as a result of such conduct, and may, within one year after such determination, institute a civil action against the landlord by reason of such conduct. Application for such determination may be made to the city housing rent agency with respect to housing accommodations which, by local law or ordinance, are made directly subject to regulation and control by such agency. For all other housing accommodadations subject to regulation and control pursuant to the New York city rent stabilization law of nineteen hundred sixty-nine, application for such determination may be made to the New York city conciliation and appeals board. For the purpose of making and enforcing any determination of the New York city conciliation and appeals board as herein provided, the provisions of sections seven, eight and ten, whenever they refer to the city housing rent agency, shall be deemed to refer to such board. In such action the landlord shall be liable to the tenant for three times the damages sustained on account of such conduct plus reasonable attorney's fees and costs as determined by the court. In addition to any other damages the cost of removal of property shall be a lawful measure of damages.

(h) Any tenant who has vacated his housing accommodations because the landlord or any person acting on his behalf, with intent to cause the tenant to vacate, engaged in any course of conduct (including but not limited to, interruption or discontinuance of essential services) which interfered with or disturbed or was intended to interfere with or disturb the comfort, repose, peace or quiet of the tenant in his use or occupancy of the housing accommodations may, within ninety days after vacating, apply for a determination that the housing accommodations were vacated as a result of such conduct, and may, within one year after such determination, institute a civil action against the landlord by reason of such conduct. Application for such determination may be made to the city housing rent agency with respect to housing accommodations which, by local law or ordinance, are made directly subject to regulation and control by such agency. For all other housing accommodations subject to regulation and control by local law or ordinance, application for such determination may be made to the state division of housing and community renewal. For the purpose of making and enforcing any determination of the state division, as herein provided, the provisions of sections seven, eight and ten, whenever they refer to the city housing rent agency, shall be deemed to refer to the state division. In such action the landlord shall be liable to the tenant for three times the damages sustained on account of such conduct plus reasonable attorney's fees and costs as determined by the court. In addition to any other damages the cost of removal of property shall be a lawful measure of damages. 11. Transfer of certain pending matters. Except as provided in subdivision thirteen of this section, any matter, application, proceeding or protest undertaken, filed or commenced by, with or before the temporary state housing rent commission or the state rent administrator relating to the regulation and control or residential rents and evictions within a city having a population of one million or more and pending on May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, shall be transferred to, conducted by, and completed or determined by the city housing rent agency. In discharging such responsibilities the city housing rent agency shall act in conformity with the provisions of the state emergency housing rent control law, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, governing such matters, applications or proceedings, unless at the time such action is taken, such state law, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, have been amended or superseded by local laws, ordinances, rules or regulations adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section, and in such event, in conformity therewith to the extent such local law, ordinances, rules or regulations are made expressly applicable to such matters, applications or proceedings. 12. Termination of state regulation and control. On and after May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, the temporary state housing rent commission and the state rent administrator shall have no jurisdiction over the regulation and control of residential rents and evictions within any city having a population of one million or more. 13. Pending court proceedings. All appeals or other court proceedings relating to the regulation and control of residential rents and evictions in a city having a population of one million or more to which the temporary state housing rent commission or the state rent administrator is a party and which is pending on May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two or thereafter prosecuted shall be prosecuted or defended by the temporary state housing rent commission and the state rent administrator pursuant to the state emergency housing rent control law to a final determination or other disposition by the court in accordance with law. If the court remits any such matter to the temporary state housing rent commission, the commission may transfer such matter to the city housing rent agency for disposition pursuant to subdivision eleven of this section. 14. Civil service. Upon the transfer of the functions of the temporary state housing rent commission to the city housing rent agency pursuant to subdivision six of this section, the officers, and employees of such commission, other than those certified for retention by the state rent administrator to the state department of civil service prior to April first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, as required for the continued operations of such commission, shall be transferred as of May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, to the city housing rent agency for the continued performance of their functions. Such officers and employees shall be transferred to similar or corresponding positions in such city housing rent agency, without further examination or qualification, and shall retain their respective civil service jurisdictional classifications and status. If the city housing rent agency determines that it will not accept for transfer all such officers and employees, the city housing rent agency shall certify to the state department of civil service those officers and employees whom it will not accept for transfer and in such event, the determination of those to be transferred shall be made by selection of the city housing rent agency from among officers and employees holding permanent appointments in competitive class positions in the order of their respective dates of original appointments in the service of the state, with due regard to the right of preference in retention of disabled and non-disabled veterans and blind persons. Notwithstanding the provisions of any general, special or local law, code or charter requiring officers and employees of a city having a population of one million or more to be residents of such city at the time of their entry into city service or during the continuance of such service, officers and employees of the temporary state housing rent commission shall be transferred to and shall be retained by the city housing rent agency pursuant to this subdivision without regard to local residence. Officers and employees holding permanent appointments in competitive class positions, other than those certified by the state rent administrator for retention in the service of the state, who are not accepted for transfer by the city housing rent agency or who request to be excepted from such transfer shall have their names entered on an appropriate preferred list for reinstatement to the same or similar positions in the service of the state. Officers and employees transferred to the city housing rent agency pursuant to this subdivision shall be entitled to full seniority credit for all purposes, including the determination of their city salaries and increments, for service in the state government rendered prior to such transfer, as though such service had been service in the city government. Such transferees shall retain their earned unused sick leave and vacation credits, but not in excess of maximum accumulations permitted under such municipal rules as may be applicable. Officers and employees transferred pursuant to this subdivision shall thereafter be subject to the rules and jurisdiction of the municipal civil service commission having jurisdiction over the city housing rent agency to which such transfer is made. The state department of civil service shall transfer to such municipal civil service commission on May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable, all eligible lists, records, documents and files pertaining to the officers and employees so transferred and to their positions. Examinations for positions in the temporary state housing rent commission which are in process on May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, shall be completed by the state civil service commission and eligible lists established. Such lists shall be included among the eligible lists transferred to the municipal civil service commission. Any such eligible list shall continue to be used by such municipal civil service commission and shall be certified by it in accordance with the provisions of its rules and regulations for filling vacancies in appropriate positions in the city housing rent agency exercising the functions transferred pursuant to this section; provided, however, that such certifications from promotion eligible lists shall be limited to eligibles transferred to such city housing rent agency pursuant to this subdivision. Promotions in the temporary state housing rent commission shall be made from among eligibles on appropriate lists who are not transferred to the city housing rent agency. All other matters which relate to the administration of the civil service law with respect to the officers and employees transferred pursuant to this subdivision, and with respect to their positions, and which at the time of such transfer are pending before the state department of civil service or the state civil service commission, shall be transferred to such municipal civil service commission, and any action theretofore taken on such matters by such state department or commission shall have the same force and effect as if taken by such municipal civil service commission. 15. Intergovernmental cooperation. The temporary state housing rent commission and the state rent administrator shall cooperate with the city housing rent agency in effectuating the purposes of this act and shall make available to the city housing rent agency such cooperation, information, records and data as will assist the city housing rent agency in effectuating such purposes. Upon the request of the city housing rent agency, all such information, records and data relating to the regulation and control of residential rents and evictions within such city shall be transferred to the city housing rent agency on May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two or as soon thereafter as may be practicable. Subject to the approval of the state rent administrator, the state commissioner of general services is hereby authorized to sublease or otherwise make available, in part or in whole, to the city housing rent agency, upon such terms and conditions as the said commissioner may prescribe, any premises leased to the state and occupied on or prior to May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two by the temporary state housing rent commission. Notwithstanding the provisions of section one hundred seventy-eight of the state finance law, the state commissioner of general services is hereby authorized to sell, lease or otherwise make available to the city housing rent agency, upon such terms and conditions as the said commissioner may prescribe and subject to the approval of the state rent administrator, any or all personal property used on or prior to May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two by the temporary state housing rent commission. 16. Saving clause. If any local law or ordinance in respect of the regulation and control of residential rents and evictions adopted pursuant to subdivision five of this section shall be held wholly or partially invalid by final decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, the city housing rent agency shall administer the provisions of the state emergency housing rent control law to the extent of any such invalidity. 17. Separability. If any subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or provision of this section shall be held wholly or partially invalid by final decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, to the extent that it is not invalid, it shall be valid and no other subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or provision shall on account thereof be deemed invalid. § 2. Promptly after the effective date of this act, the mayor of each city having a population of one million or more shall transmit to the governor, in such form and detail as the governor may prescribe, his request, if any, for an appropriation from the state treasury to defray the reasonable and necessary expenses of such city for personal service and for maintenance and operation in respect of the regulation and control of residential rents within such city pursuant to this act. Any such request shall be in sufficient detail to justify the reasonableness and necessity of the amount requested. If a request is received from the mayor of any such city after the final adjournment of the regular session of the legislature in nineteen hundred sixty-two, the state director of the budget is authorized to transfer to such city from time to time a portion of any outstanding appropriation made to the temporary state housing rent commission after filing a certificate of such transfer with the state comptroller, the chairman of the senate finance committee and the chairman of the assembly ways and means committee. Any amount so transferred shall be paid from the general fund to the credit of the local assistance fund on the audit and warrant of the state comptroller on vouchers requisitioned by the mayor of such city or by an official of such city designated by the mayor. § 2-a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the period April first, nineteen hundred seventy-two to March thirty-first, nineteen hundred seventy-three, the city housing rent agency may assess and collect fees or charges upon landlords pursuant to local rent control laws or regulations subject to such terms and conditions as it may deem to be appropriate, provided, however, that such fees or charges shall not exceed three dollars per housing accommodation in the aggregate. In addition, no such fees or charges shall be assessed against any owner occupied structure with eight or less housing accommodations. To the extent that such fees and charges are insufficient to provide the full amount required for services and expenses necessary to the operation of the rent control program, the amount appropriated by the legislature, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be available for the payment of state aid. The officer or officers designated by local law or regulation to assess and collect such fees or charges and to make disbursements therefrom, shall maintain, and provide at such times and in the manner and form as may be prescribed by the comptroller and the director of the budget of the state of New York, a record and accounting of all funds received and disbursed pursuant to this authorization. § 5. Any adjustments in maximum rents ordered by the temporary state housing rent commission on and after June thirtieth, nineteen hundred sixty-one, and resulting in an increase thereof solely by reason of the amendments made by chapter three hundred thirty-seven of the laws of nineteen hundred sixty-one to paragraph (a) of subdivision four of section four of the emergency housing rent control law which provided for the application of the most recent equalization rate, rather than the equalization rate for the year nineteen hundred fifty-four, are hereby rescinded and nullified, provided, however, that no right is conferred by this act to recover any such increase paid prior to the effective date of this act. § 6. Notwithstanding any provision of chapter three hundred thirty-seven of the laws of nineteen hundred sixty-one, maximum rents established in any city having a population of one million or more pursuant to the emergency housing rent control law, as last amended by such chapter, shall not be increased during the period between the effective date of this act and May first, nineteen hundred sixty-two, except with the voluntary written consent of the tenant affected.