US Lawyer Database

For Lawyer-Seekers

YOU DESERVE THE BEST LAWYER

§ 23.1-400. Student organizations; rights and recognition

A. To the extent allowed by state and federal law, a religious or political student organization may determine that ordering the organization’s internal affairs, selecting the organization’s leaders and members, defining the organization’s doctrines, and resolving the organization’s disputes are in furtherance of the organization’s religious or political mission and that only persons committed to […]

§ 23.1-401. Restrictions on student speech; limitations

No public institution of higher education shall impose restrictions on the time, place, and manner of student speech that (i) occurs in the outdoor areas of the institution’s campus and (ii) is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution unless the restrictions (a) are reasonable, (b) are justified without reference to the […]

§ 23.1-401.1. Constitutionally protected speech; policies, materials, and reports; report

A. Except as otherwise permitted by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, no public institution of higher education shall abridge the constitutional freedom of any individual, including enrolled students, faculty and other employees, and invited guests, to speak on campus. B. Each public institution of higher education shall establish and include in its […]

§ 23.1-401.2. Student journalists; freedom of speech and the press

A. As used in this section: “Institution-sponsored student media” means any material that is prepared, substantially written, published, or broadcast by a student journalist at a public institution of higher education under the direction of a student media adviser and distributed or generally made available to members of the student body. “Institution-sponsored student media” does […]

§ 23.1-402. Collection and dissemination of information concerning religious preferences and affiliations

A. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, any public institution of higher education may collect and disseminate information concerning the religious preferences and affiliations of its students, provided that no such institution shall (i) require any student to indicate his religious preference or affiliation or (ii) disseminate such information without the student’s consent. […]

§ 23.1-403. Access to campus and student directory provided to certain persons and groups

Any public institution of higher education that provides access to its campus and student directory to persons or groups for occupational, professional, or educational recruitment shall provide access on the same basis to official recruiting representatives of the Armed Forces of the United States and the Commonwealth. 1982, c. 258, § 23-2.1:1; 2016, c. 588.

§ 23.1-404. Retention of student birth certificates authorized

Any public institution of higher education that requests that an applicant who has been accepted for admission present a certified copy of his birth certificate as a condition of enrollment may retain a copy of the birth certificate in the student’s record. 2007, c. 49, § 23-2.1:2; 2016, c. 588.

§ 23.1-405. Student records and personal information; social media

A. As used in this section: “Social media account” means a personal account with an electronic medium or service through which users may create, share, or view user-generated content, including, without limitation, videos, photographs, blogs, podcasts, messages, emails, or website profiles or locations. “Social media account” does not include an account (i) opened by a […]

§ 23.1-406. Reporting of certain students issued student visas

A. Each associate-degree-granting and baccalaureate (i) public institution of higher education and (ii) private institution of higher education and the governing board, president, or director of any flight school in the Commonwealth shall notify the Attorney General whenever (a) an applicant who has been accepted for admission to such institution pursuant to a student visa […]

§ 23.1-407.1. Admissions applications; criminal history

A. No public institution of higher education shall (i) utilize an institution-specific admissions application that contains questions about the criminal history of the applicant or (ii) deny admission to any applicant solely on the basis of any criminal history information provided by the applicant on any third-party admissions application accepted by the institution. B. Notwithstanding […]

§ 23.1-408. Annual reporting of the use of student fees

Each public institution of higher education shall publish annually a descriptive report detailing (i) the amount and distribution of student activity fees assessed each semester or during an academic year and (ii) the name of each organization that receives funding of $100 or more from student activity fees and the nature of such organization’s activity. […]

§ 23.1-409. Transparency in higher education information

A. Each baccalaureate public institution of higher education shall maintain and update annually no later than September 30 a tab or link on the home page of its website that shall include the following information: 1. The institution’s six-year undergraduate graduation rate for each of the past 10 years; 2. The institution’s freshman-to-sophomore retention rate […]

§ 23.1-409.1. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; notice to students

Each public institution of higher education shall ensure that all students have access to accurate information about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), including eligibility and how to apply. Each institution shall also advertise the application and process for applying for SNAP prominently on the institution’s website and in orientation materials that are distributed to […]

§ 23.1-410. Student loan vendors

A. No employee of a public institution of higher education shall demand or receive any payment, loan, advance, deposit of money, services, or anything, present or promised, as an inducement for promoting any student loan vendor. B. No public institution of higher education shall enter into any agreement with any student loan vendor that states […]

§ 23.1-411. Federal student loan information

A. A public institution of higher education that receives federal education loan information for a student enrolled in the institution shall provide to the student, at least once during each academic year, the following up-to-date information: (i) an estimate of (a) the student’s total amount of federal education loans, (b) the student’s total potential loan […]

§ 23.1-412. Non-academic student codes of conduct

A. Each public institution of higher education shall adopt non-academic student codes of conduct. B. Students and student organizations that participate in the non-academic student codes of conduct process as a complainant or respondent shall have the responsibilities and rights afforded to them by the institution’s codes of conduct and related policies and procedures. The […]