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Home » US Law » 2022 West Virginia Code » Chapter 46. Uniform Commercial Code » Article 8. Investment Securities

§46-8-101. Short Title

§46-8-101. Short title. This article may be cited as uniform commercial code–investment securities.

§46-8-106. Control

(a) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser. (b) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser and: (1) The certificate is indorsed to the purchaser or in blank by […]

§46-8-108. Warranties in Direct Holding

(a) A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an indorser, if the transfer is by indorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that: (1) The certificate is genuine and has not been materially altered;

§46-8-109. Warranties in Indirect Holding

(a) A person who originates an entitlement order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that: (1) The entitlement order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and

§46-8-111. Clearing Corporation Rules

A rule adopted by a clearing corporation governing rights and obligations among the clearing corporation and its participants in the clearing corporation is effective even if the rule conflicts with this and affects another party who does not consent to the rule.

§46-8-112. Creditor's Legal Process

(a) The interest of a debtor in a certificated security may be reached by a creditor only by actual seizure of the security certificate by the officer making the attachment or levy, except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section. However, a certificated security for which the certificate has been surrendered to the […]

§46-8-113. Statute of Frauds Inapplicable

A contract or modification of a contract for the sale or purchase of a security is enforceable whether or not there is a writing signed or record authenticated by a party against whom enforcement is sought, even if the contract or modification is not capable of performance within one year of its making.

§46-8-115. Securities Intermediary and Others Not Liable to Adverse Claimant

A securities intermediary that has transferred a financial asset pursuant to an effective entitlement order, or a broker or other agent or bailee that has dealt with a financial asset at the direction of its customer or principal, is not liable to a person having an adverse claim to the financial asset, unless the securities […]

§46-8-116. Securities Intermediary as Purchaser for Value

A securities intermediary that receives a financial asset and establishes a security entitlement to the financial asset in favor of an entitlement holder is a purchaser for value of the financial asset. A securities intermediary that acquires a security entitlement to a financial asset from another securities intermediary acquires the security entitlement for value if […]

§46-8-201. Issuer

§46-8-201. Issuer. (a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an "issuer" includes a person that: (1) Places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent or the like, to evidence a share, participation or other interest in its […]

§46-8-202. Issuer's Responsibility and Defenses; Notice of Defect or Defense

(a) Even against a purchaser for value and without notice, the terms of a certificated security include terms stated on the certificate and terms made part of the security by reference on the certificate to another instrument, indenture, or document or to a Constitution, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order or the like, to the extent […]

§46-8-203. Staleness as Notice of Defect or Defense

After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a certificated security or setting a date on or after which the security is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange, a purchaser is charged with notice of […]

§46-8-204. Effect of Issuer's Restriction on Transfer

A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without knowledge of the restriction unless: (1) The security is certificated and the restriction is noted conspicuously on the security certificate; or

§46-8-205. Effect of Unauthorized Signature on Security Certificate

An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineffective, but the signature is effective in favor of a purchaser for value of the certificated security if the purchaser is without notice of the lack of authority and the signing has been done by: (1) An authenticating trustee, […]